If a battery catches fire, the "suffocation extinguishing method" can be used to extinguish it. The specific steps are as follows:
1. After the battery catches fire, the power supply should be cut off in a timely manner and personnel should be evacuated calmly and orderly.
2. Open the doors and windows near the battery box to prevent smoke from causing harm to personnel.
3. Quickly remove the dry sand or powder fire extinguisher and extinguish the fire according to the specifications.
4. After the fire is extinguished, it is necessary to wait for the battery module to cool down before moving it out of the battery compartment.
The basic method for dealing with fires in battery modules or individual batteries is the same, which is to use the "suffocation extinguishing method" to extinguish the fire.
If the battery pack emits smoke or catches fire, personnel should cover the smoking and burning battery with fire sand while taking protective measures. If there is a large area of burning, a dry powder fire extinguisher can be used to extinguish the open flame first. After the open flame is extinguished, the battery pack may experience overheating or the gradual precipitation of electrolyte, causing new short circuits and heating. Even if it is left still, the fire may occur again. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain monitoring of the battery pack and intermittently use water-based fire extinguishers to spray water on the battery pack until it is completely cooled down.
The explosion and fire of lithium-ion batteries are caused by the chemical and electrochemical reactions between the active materials and electrolyte components inside the battery, which generate a large amount of heat and gas. The solvent of the electrolyte is organic carbonate compounds, which have high activity and are highly flammable. The positive electrode material of a charged battery is a strong oxidizing compound, while the negative electrode material of a charged battery is a strong reducing compound. In situations of abuse, such as overcharging, overheating, and short circuits, high oxidation positive electrode materials usually have poor stability and are prone to releasing oxygen. Carbonates are highly reactive with oxygen, releasing a large amount of heat and gas; The heat generated will further accelerate the decomposition of the positive electrode, producing more oxygen and promoting more exothermic reactions; At the same time, the reactivity of the strongly reducing negative electrode is close to that of metallic lithium, and it will immediately burn and ignite the electrolyte, separator, etc. upon contact with oxygen. Therefore, the explosion and ignition mechanism of batteries varies depending on the usage conditions:
(1) When the battery is heated to around 100 ℃, the SEI film begins to decompose, and the released heat heats the battery, promoting the reaction between the negative electrode and the solvent, the thermal decomposition reaction of the positive electrode, and the reaction between the positive electrode and the electrolyte in sequence, releasing a large amount of heat that leads to battery combustion and explosion;
(2) When the battery is overcharged, the excess lithium ions overflowing from the positive electrode react with the solvent, releasing heat to heat the battery, promoting the reaction between metallic lithium and the solvent, lithium embedded carbon and the solvent, producing a large amount of heat and gas, leading to battery explosion;
(3) Explosions and fires caused by short circuits, punctures, impacts, and other situations are due to the instantaneous passage of current, which generates a large amount of heat through overpotential and Ohmic polarization, causing the battery to be locally heated to the temperature of positive pole thermal decomposition. The heat generated by positive pole thermal decomposition leads to the explosion and fire of the battery.
1. Do not use non designated or non certified chargers to charge the battery.
2. Use a good charging device, such as a fast pulse charger. This charging mode has low gas evolution, low temperature, and fast charging time during the charging process.
3. Do not place the battery near a heat source or a fire source.
4. Control the charging amount to prevent overcharging of the battery and reduce gas emissions.
5. Mechanical impact, falling, and artificial short circuiting of battery cells are prohibited.
6. If the battery heats up, emits odors, changes color, deforms, or has other abnormal features during charging or storage, it should be stopped from use.
7. When using, be careful not to reverse the positive and negative poles of the battery.
Under no circumstances should the battery cell be disassembled or dissected, as disassembly and dissection may cause internal short circuits in the battery cell.
Lithium batteries have become a popular choice for powering devices such as smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles due to their high energy density. However, these batteries can pose a fire hazard if not handled properly. When a lithium battery catches fire, it is important to know how to safely dispose of it and prevent further damage.
The first step in handling a lithium battery fire is to evacuate the area and call emergency services. It is important to prioritize personal safety and ensure that everyone is out of harm's way before attempting to extinguish the fire. Lithium batteries can release toxic fumes when they catch fire, so it is crucial to avoid inhaling the smoke.
