Nominal voltage is a physics term for the voltage value that corresponds to the nominal operating current of a voltage stabilized thermistor at +25°C. The nominal voltage can be used to indicate or identify the battery type. The nominal voltage can be used to indicate or identify the voltage of a battery, also known as the rated voltage, and is used to identify the battery type. A single cell lead acid battery has a nominal voltage of 2.0V, and can be discharged to 1.5V and recharged to 2.4V. A 12V lead acid battery has a nominal voltage of 12V, and a fully charged voltage of 14.4V, mainly due to the fact that a 12V lead acid battery consists of 6 single cell lead acid batteries connected in series.
1. lead-acid batteries mainly in the form of chemical energy storage of electrical energy, lead-acid batteries by the plastic shell and battery cells, in the battery cell, the positive and negative plates alternate, forming a comb structure, and in the battery cell there are two electrodes immersed in sulfuric acid solution, when the battery is charged, the positive plate is a positively charged lead dioxide, the negative plate is a negatively charged lead, the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution, the charging and discharging process, the electrons will move to the sulfuric acid solution. During discharge, the electrons reciprocate.
2. When the battery is connected to a load, the electrons begin to flow and the lead-acid battery discharges. When the battery discharges, both the lead and the lead dioxide react with the sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate, and more and more water is produced during the reaction, and the sulfuric acid solution becomes thinner, and the discharge is finally complete. When the battery is charged, this process is reversed with lead dioxide formed on the positive electrode and lead ions formed on the negative electrode. When the battery is discharged, the direction of the current is reversed from the direction of the battery being charged, and lead ions are released from the anode plate during the discharge to form two electrons, so lead acid batteries are periodically charged and discharged when connected to a load to provide electrical power.
Lead acid battery discharge reaction: PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb=PbSO4+2H2O+PbSO4, i.e., the positive component lead dioxide, the negative component lead sponge react with the electrolyte to form lead sulfate and water.
Lead Acid Battery Charging Reaction: PbSO4+2H2O+PbSO4=PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb, i.e., the positive component lead sulfate and water are transformed into lead dioxide, lead sponge and dilute sulfuric acid.
Like other types of batteries, lead-acid batteries have different voltages at different charging stages. For example, a 12V sealed lead-acid battery in a fully charged state, the battery voltage is 12.88V, the following chart will introduce you to the charging state of sealed lead-acid batteries at different voltages, you can judge the battery charging state according to the chart.
| Battery voltage | 12V | 24V | 48V |
| Battery Capacity | |||
| 0% | 11.62V | 23.24V | 42.01V |
| 20% | 11.82V | 23.60V | 46.63V |
| 40% | 12.12V | 24.22V | 47.81V |
| 60% | 12.42V | 24.82V | 48.61V |
| 80% | 12.65V | 25.32V | 50.01V |
| 100% | 12.88V | 25.77V | 51.91V |
Lead-acid batteries are a widely used electrochemical energy storage device with the advantages of stability and reliability, no memory effect, low price, etc. Lead-acid batteries are used in many fields, as follows:
1. Car starter batteries, lead-acid batteries can be used as car starter batteries, which can provide a large amount of current to start the vehicle in a short period of time, and can be compatible with the relevant components of the vehicle, and utilize the vehicle’s alternator to charge the battery.
2. Electric four-wheeled vehicle battery, lead-acid batteries due to low cost, sealed lead-acid batteries are widely used in electric four-wheeled vehicles, and do not require frequent maintenance, have a certain temperature adaptability, high security.
3. Family backup power, the family generally use colloidal lead-acid batteries or sealed lead-acid batteries, the use of cost is higher than the liquid-rich lead-acid batteries, but do not need to maintain the battery often, compared with lithium batteries, the use of cost is much lower, for the cost-conscious users is a good choice.
4. Clean energy storage batteries, lead-acid batteries can be used as solar power system storage batteries, storage of excess energy on the solar panels, and in the solar system does not work, the power supply to the family or the grid. In addition to solar energy systems, they can also be used as storage batteries for wind power systems, storage batteries for geothermal energy, and so on.
5. Power source for emergency equipment: emergency lights, fire and theft alarms, fire gates, etc. are also widely used lead-acid batteries, which are low-cost and can provide stable power support.
6. Lawn mower, electric sled batteries, lead-acid batteries can be used for such mechanical equipment to start the power supply and provide electricity, and reduce the overall cost of such mechanical equipment.
7. Camera and light batteries. Lead-acid batteries can be used to meet the power needs of cameras or lights, and can be used for a long time, and lead-acid batteries have a low energy density, and will be relatively safe to use.
1. The life span of traditional liquid-rich lead-acid batteries is generally about 2 years, and the specific life span depends on a variety of factors, including charging habits, frequency of use, ambient temperature, etc., which will affect the life span of the battery.
2. The life span of colloidal lead-acid batteries is about 5 years, and the number of cycles of colloidal batteries is also more, which can reach about 1500 times, while the number of traditional lead-acid batteries is about 200 to 500 times.
3. The life span of sealed lead-acid batteries is about 4 years, and the number of cycles of sealed lead-acid batteries is about 1000 times.
Lead-acid batteries are the oldest batteries in development, and are used in various industries, mainly because of the low cost of lead-acid batteries and the ability to achieve complete recycling. When choosing batteries, we recommend the use of lithium iron phosphate batteries, the service lifespan of the battery, the safety is much higher than lead-acid batteries, whether as a backup power supply for the family or daily life use, are very safe and reliable.
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